Theoretical exploration of biological metabolism and the cycle of substances (2)
2. various contradictions in the traditional biological metabolism and the cycle of substance
The debate on in vivo and in vitro is not a simple meaning of words, but involve the understanding and the application of some basic concepts in life sciences and could cause a number of changes. At the same time, can provide a breakthrough of some contradictions and questions that confront us and let us see the light soon.
After a new understanding of the concepts of in vivo and in vitro, which may take into account not only that there some vague today in life sciences, but also get to know the obvious gaps in the traditional theory.
2.1. plants and animals can not relate directly to the physical and chemical substances
For a long time, was used to include all food and microorganisms in the digestive tract and in vivo. And also used to include all substances into the environment of photosynthetic chloroplasts in vivo. So that you can put these two items together for a discussion.
It is only because the chyme (food) and microorganisms in the digestive tract to be considered as in vivo that lead to the traditional theory that the body (animal body) to have a direct relationship with food even became the body in direct relation to inorganic substances, for example, to eat zinc could be to strengthen the brain and eat calcium could be calcium supplement, etc. In fact, all minerals in foods are in the organic, and their attributes are different from those in nature. According to the reflection the following Table 2, only chemicalized substances be allowed to enter the cycle, and mineral elements we do not have a chemical change and not qualified to join the biological metabolism. Just as Mr. Yang Zhen-Bo, an expert on water quality monitoring station of China Environmental Sanitation said: "In fact, only live plants can absorb and utilize minerals in the soil inorganic and organic minerals only processed by Plants can be absorbed and used by human and animal bodies. Almost anyone can absorb nutrition from inorganic minerals and also one can not use inorganic minerals effectively in vivo (4). "
Although sodium chloride can enter the body of the animal, as is the evidence that inorganic compounds can be absorbed by the bodies of animals, according to their functions, not only sodium chloride is the main component of human electrolyte, but also the major ions to maintain the osmotic pressure of extracellular water. Thus sodium chloride, and water environment, is a synthetic environment to ensure the biochemical reactions in vivo.
While all types of textbooks and research papers are saying that the minerals could only be absorbed by plants when were in the ionic state, as the understanding and application as above to allow plants and animals that have a direct relationship with natural substances chemical and has continued until today in agriculture, nutriology and medical science, and writing that reflects this relationship can also be found everywhere such as:
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Thinking deeply about this situation inevitably feel very sorry for us, scientists have not in fact confirmed that ≠ ≠ minerals inorganic chemicals, but are still mixed in use continuously. For some time he discovered that substances absorbed by plants and animals that were deferential in nature, our scientists have been confused with or without intent and adherence to and implementation of the traditional theory of disagreement with the facts, you can not stop saying it's a great regret. In terms of deep level, this situation is that the theory of system traditional two-kingdom acts like an evil spirit, because its theoretical basis is that plants and animals can absorb direct physical inorganic substances or inorganic chemicals. And due to the simplification of the system, it is difficult to accommodate or reflect the various ways forward in the movement of material emerged as more goods and less shelves, leading to a messy situation. In this case, very few people would consider addressing this phenomenon on the construction messy shelves, but it happened the goods on the shelves, causing the basic theory of the life sciences could not break the framework of traditional theory, always keep circling within the realm of theory both in the system.
2.2. "Forced marriage" in the metabolism of plants and animals
To be worse, and decomposers producers join together in the basic theory life sciences – biological chain, and they seem to join the force without any defect.
According to the meaning of the "decaying" which apparently means that heterotrophic microorganisms. In this sense, there should be no doubt, because in practice they understand and treat them like this. Substances decomposed organic, for example, could be directly absorbed by plant roots (organic substances available to plant roots are a very small amount). Obviously, such understanding and the application has lost the procedure to remove electrons from autotrophic microorganisms, and created a fundamental theoretical vacuum.
In the substance cycle, only heterotrophic microorganisms (decomposers) emphasized the traditional theory and these, "decomposers" are only reflected in the process from organic substances to inorganic substances which are nothing more than a decoration in the other levels of transformation of substances. Even in the life cycle of substances, according to the law of the unity of opposites, which must come into existence on the basis the opposite side, but in reality, there is no trace of its opposite side. Hence it creates an error of principle in philosophy.
In this analysis, we can see clearly, anabolism in the plant, there is no direct relationship between plants and heterotrophic microorganisms. Interestingly, many theoretical papers have been developed only ionic state the substances can be absorbed by plant roots, but in the application of the theory, due to the puzzle of the chloroplasts, which have yet directly providing the physical and chemical substances such as carbon dioxide, sunlight, water and minerals, plants. If these relationships were not enough shade and Obviously, then, the most obvious is the traditional biological chain, that has crossed autotrophic microorganisms openly and directly hit the "decaying" to sing a drama with plants, staging a scene typical of "forced marriage."
In the relationship between human (or animal) to substances in the body and ingested, the traditional theory has been the application of no less than the "forced marriage", and makes the human (or animal) body to be directly related substances ingested. This is most clearly reflected in the following Table 1.
2.3. Where is the autotrophs microorganisms go?
Currently, if the textbooks, popular science books or research papers, people are in compliance biological classification "producers, consumers and decomposers" in the ecological system, and believe they have formed a relationship of the biological chain. For example, "the ecosystem is composed of producers, consumers, decomposers and abiotic environment." And "the producers are autotrophs, which are mainly green plants and some algae … …. In addition, photosynthetic bacteria and chemosynthetic bacteria are autotrophs, and would take part also primary production (3, P250). "
So autotrophic microorganisms, disappeared in our analysis, the "back in the back "just like plants in the traditional theory, which caused an even worse" forced marriage "in the most basic level of life sciences. According to the above discussion that the plants and animals can not have a direct relationship to the physical and chemical substances, microorganisms autotrophic and plants belong to two different species of living beings, primarily, and there is a parent-child relationship between them (see the following table 2). For the reflection the principle of philosophy and reality, only the autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms are opposite sides of the real contradiction, and their mutual isolation is obviously artificial factors. In other words, the classification of "producers, consumers and decomposers" in living things, too the foundation of the basic theory of the life sciences – biological chain, it is a big mistake.
Such a worst "forced marriage" How can not cause a more serious confusion throughout the system life sciences?! How can not cause the system full of contradictions?!
2.4. Realistic reflection of the traditional biological metabolism and the cycle of substance
On the problem of the human body absorbs ingested substances, although some studies have border and has made it clear that only the organic compounds decomposed large molecular ones can be absorbed, popular science lectures are doing a lot of carbohydrates and proteins, etc. directly absorbed (6) by the human body, causing most people think so. According to traditional theory and its application in practice, we can make a table to compare metabolism of plants and animals and the cycle of substance:
biological metabolism and the cycle of substance reflects the theory Traditional
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Table 1
Explanation:
Table ① Agreement. Since the current theoretical circle and has admitted not only that the plants could absorb a small amount of small molecules of organic compounds but also that animals can absorb some vitamins from intestinal microorganisms, microorganisms must have a special column. At the same time, this it is also easy to have a comparison with Table 2 below.
Mixotrophs would either autotrophs or heterotrophs in the transformation of substances so it will automatically fall in autotrophic or heterotrophic microorganisms, respectively.
② B rackets columns. Under the "necessary power and substance" of microorganisms, plants and animals, are arranged two brackets, respectively: the first relates to sources or the properties of substances in the columns, and the second relates to the properties and states of the substances in the columns according to our concept over again (Same as in Table 2). Depth is very similar to us, but if so, would not be sufficient to reflect the confusion in the actual application of the theory traditional. If you see table 2, his thoughts would be in order, and the motion of matter would be very soft.
③ Names of enzymes and vitamins. Here, to facilitate the differentiation and expression of enzymes and vitamins synthesized by plants and are called as enzymes1 vitamins1, and enzymes and vitamins synthesized by animals are called in and vitamins2 enzymes2. All are marked with red.
Table 1 reflects the metabolism traditional and the cycle of substance, we can see:
① S erious confusion and errors words. According to our concepts, stages and states of motion of materials on the basis of reality metabolic metabolism words in the traditional theory were out of service, and there was a serious confusion. Except for a small amount of small molecule organic compounds, it is hardly may reflect what plants and animals absorb chemicalized substances when they all randomly assigned.
Despite the mineral elements that plants from the soil is called "mineral ions, but almost all textbooks, popular science books and research papers dealing mineral ions such as physical and chemical substances in nature, belonging to the natural substances, and not treat them as a specific stage or state for materials handling. As a result, they were always confused with the physical and chemical substances (but provide a very explicit evidence to us more explore the stages and states of the movement of materials).
② almost no involvement of microorganisms, and unable to reflect the unity of opposites between life and matter in a realistic way. In the traditional metabolic theory, is the inorganic chemical substances and physical inorganic substances which are absorbed directly by plants, and was also physical inorganic chemicals and organic substances to absorb animal directly. This meant that there was no involvement of microorganisms in the course of processing substance from inorganic substances of plant substances and then the animal products. Were almost in the absence of microorganisms not only autotrophs but also heterotrophic microorganisms.
All research papers and textbook says that plants could absorb small molecule organic compounds, but where are these composites? We do not know if the source of these compounds not be considered or can not be thought that it was always shades. These compounds, of course, wine decomposition of organic molecule compounds for large heterotrophic microorganisms, and once they were treated as metabolites of heterotrophic microorganisms, would be equal to the statement of the framework that decomposers linked with producers while denying the basic argument that plants can directly absorb Physical and chemical substances in nature.
You can also see clearly, although the substances might be an unlikely explanation of basis of life, the movement of the substance was not by the metabolism of life, because Table 1 reflects unnecessary microorganisms did not seem connections with the transformation substance and cycle. Meanwhile, the state change of the substance was formless and without rules to follow. Especially mineral or chemical elements, with suit jackets, fell in and out calm and carefree, without any motivation of the external forces can not reflect how the effects of taking lives and how they play a role in life. That is, in the traditional theory, the metabolism of life and transformation of substances and the cycle is essentially isolated from each other, which could not objectively reflect the relationship of the unity of opposites.
③ hard to say that the inorganic world and that was when the world was organic. Table 1 we showed that the inorganic is included in the organic and organic is also included in the inorganic (eg, mineral elements and vitamins in "Phytosynthesis" and "necessary and substances anergy). It had confounded the inorganic and organic, and the two organic and inorganic worlds were included in the cycle range of substances.
④ plants and pets to contact directly with the physical inorganic materials, inorganic chemical substances natural organic matter and organic chemicals. In the "necessary power and substance" of plants, their contents are clearly the physical and chemical substances in the inorganic world.
Can be seen from the "energy needed and substance "of animals, its contents belong to inorganic chemicals (some are physical inorganic substances), chemicals chemicalized organic and organic substances. Despite several reports of research clearly shows that only the organic compounds decomposed large molecular ones can be absorbed, usually people still allows macromolecular organic compounds to contact directly with the body animals in the popularization of the theory and practice, as shown in Table 1.
Physical ⑤ inorganic substances, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals were mixed with each other. In the substances absorbed by plants, sunlight was physical inorganic substances, and the elements of carbon dioxide and minerals are inorganic chemicals. For substances absorbed by the animal, mineral elements are inorganic chemical substances, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins were organic chemicals.
The enzyme was not converted in their functional status before and during absorption, but the fact of treating such states as those that could play a role of catalysis in vivo. It was obvious to treat them as organic chemicals. Although vitamins can be absorbed directly, which were also treated as organic chemicals, obviously.
In other words, the traditional theory, physics, inorganic chemicals, inorganic chemicals and organic chemicals absorbed by plants and animals were mixed with each other.
⑥ Do not show these substances movement. In theory, the essential attribute of life is "live", and the substances metabolized by them must also be in motion. Can be seen through the words, all terms were in a still. Than compounds of small organic molecules absorbed by plants, not had no chemicalized reflecting substances in their change of status.
The metabolism of materials and energy reflected by plants and animals, despite that could be cut at the table, looked like they were in cycling, but all are in a static, the substance can not be seen to be transformed or moving therefore can not form a cycle.
The substances that have a chemicalized state (such as inorganic ions and organic ions) at some stage of their movement that the conclusion has already been established in numerous experiments. Chemicalized status is a key state in the movement of materials and change, but according to the words in our theoretical and practical research, which shows that our attention has been focused on the static state of substances, and neglecting its dynamic state.
Especially for the dynamic linking of plant and animal metabolism and the static state of physical and chemical substances as well as a dislocation is obvious (the displacement energy and substances needed by microorganisms). This displacement can only be reflected, obviously, from a list and analysis depth, but in normal circumstances, would be hidden and would be very difficult to notice. This is another reason why we could not find the contradictions in the theory traditional.
⑦ The plants and animals compete with microorganisms jobs. We can see from Table 1 that the "energy necessary and substance "of microorganisms and plants are the same as a whole, clearly indicating that the plants took the job of autotrophic microorganisms. Despite the "energy required and the substance" of microorganisms and animals are different formally, all of them are vegetable substances, which means that the animal grabbed the use of heterotrophic microorganisms.
⑧ microbial enzymes disappeared. Many textbooks and research data have indicated that microorganisms inevitably produce enzymes in their metabolic activity, since only through their secreted enzymes that could have a relationship with metabolic substances. But in Table 1, microbial enzymes disappeared (the most obvious example was that the enzymes produced by microorganisms autotrophs). Such a conflict situation, obviously, the law of conservation of matter.
If ⑨ no output in the face of reality. In the vitamins required by animals, the traditional theory accepted some of them from intestinal microorganisms and other comes from foods, shyly admitted the reality of partial essential nutrients from microorganisms, but it seemed very willing, this situation caused reflects current very reluctantly at the table, because these vitamins are not related to other substances needed by plants and animals, and were in a category obviously different. Since the traditional theory microorganisms always think "Generally speaking, there is a lot of sense (7)" in human metabolism, makes this outbreak, which might inspire you to explore the theory of biological metabolism reasonably suffered bad luck again.
Through enumeration, we can see that the contradictions in the theory of metabolism are not found in traditional batteries, but everywhere, the phenomenon of "goods are piled at random" can be seen everywhere, and without a single wrong word (for example, substances chemicalized really need plants and animals) was placed in position correct, but misspelled words (such as minerals or mineral). were randomly placed everywhere.
(To continue)
About the Author
1972.12—1992.12. Served in the army. During this period, I learnt English and mainly busy at the research of applied maths.
1992.11—2005.7. Tranfered to civilian work, and mainly occupied in import and export of foods. During this period, I ever had many other jobs.
2005.8, I was retired on account of unemployment.
2006.3—now. On the support of friends abroad, I established BB Factor Corperation (specializing in import and export trade), because my friends abroad were willing to trade with me. In fact, I am interested not in the trade, but in my started study of biological theory.
In my life, I often suffered from a twist of fate, rather the opponents always meet. For example, I eagered to go to university when I was young, but met with the “Great Cultural Revolution”; I prefer liberal arts, but mainly busy at the research of applied maths and biology; Influenced by traditional culture, I disdain merchants intent on nothing but profit, but I became a professional merchant after my transfer.
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